Location: Swamp forest across the Sekonyer River from Camp Leakey, July 6, 1978
The day began with data and driftwood.
I spent the early morning running a pilot on manual diversity—fifteen focused minutes observing a three-year-old orangutan, logging hand movements every five seconds. It was the kind of observational work that grounded me here: repetitive, quiet, low-impact, and rich in potential insight. Afterward, the heat pushed me toward the river. I waded in, let the current lift the sweat from my skin, and swam across toward the other bank. Toward Rini.
Rini was an adult female orangutan, confident and observant, with the calm presence of someone who had known the forest—and captivity—long enough to recognize both freedom and change. She greeted me with a relaxed gaze and a casual descent through the trees. We had been working together for several days now, learning each other’s rhythms. My goal was to teach her basic hand signs—“brush,” “come,” “food.” Her goal, it seemed, was to decide how much of that was worth her time. She wasn’t always attentive, but today, something was different.
We worked on the brush sign. I demonstrated it near my head, showing the combing motion, then offered her the gesture. She mirrored part of it, clumsily but deliberately, then added something new: she reached toward me with extended fingers, made contact, then brought her hand to her own head, scratching with small, intentional movements.
It was the first time she had combined elements. A hybrid sign. I scratched her in response—my own reinforcement. She repeated the sequence, not identically, but clearly building on it. It felt like play. It felt like learning.
Then she shifted the game.
Rini reached for a piece of ubi kayu—raw cassava—snapped it with her teeth, and held it out to me. I took the piece and chewed it slowly. She leaned in close—unusually close—and, with gentle precision, retrieved the softened food from my lips and placed it into her own mouth.
Then she did it again.
Over and over, Rini broke off pieces of cassava and handed them to me—not to eat, but to process. She waited, watched, and then took them back. What at first seemed like a social exchange slowly revealed a deeper logic: the cassava, bland and fibrous on its own, became more palatable after I had chewed it. She was using me to transform the food into something more enjoyable. Whether it was the change in texture or a subtle sweetness released through the chewing, Rini had discovered value in the process—and she repeated it with quiet intent.
When one piece dropped to the ground, I rinsed it in the river before chewing it again. Later, when I hesitated, she rinsed the next piece herself before offering it to me—demonstrating not just patience, but a rudimentary understanding of hygiene. Or persuasion.
While we worked through this silent experiment, Gundul watched us from the edge of the trees.
Gundul was an adolescent male, large for his age and fiercely curious. He had a reputation at Camp Leakey—feared by many for his unpredictable behavior and remembered vividly for a disturbing incident years earlier when he forced himself on the camp cook. Some staff avoided him entirely. But he had also shown a particular wariness toward bearded Western men—people like Rod Brindamour, and now, perhaps, me.
I was new. And Gundul was testing that.
He crept forward deliberately, his eyes fixed on me as I focused on Rini. I sensed him before I saw him—branches flexing under his weight, a shift in the energy around us. Then suddenly he was there, far too close for comfort.
I picked up a stick—not as a weapon, but as a clear signal—and shook it hard in his direction. Not subtly. Not diplomatically. Like a madman. I wasn’t about to give him the opportunity to bite, and I wasn’t interested in being cast as his next experiment. Gundul froze, bared his teeth making crying sounds, then retreated a few feet and crouched, eyes locked, still calculating.
When he began inching forward again, I struck the ground with the stick sharply. He paused, then finally climbed into a perch just upriver where he could watch from a distance. It wasn’t exactly détente, but it was enough.
Rini, too, reacted to my sudden burst of aggression toward Gundul—letting out a sharp, startled cry. But within moments, she returned to me, settling back into our quiet exchange as though the tension had passed like a passing cloud. Unshaken, she resumed her cassava routine with the same calm focus as before. The ritual between us continued—me chewing, her receiving—unspoken but deliberate. By now, it wasn’t about signs or instruction. It was about trust, timing, and the mutual willingness to meet one another halfway in a language we were inventing together.
At last, after several cycles, I declined another piece. She paused, held it out for a moment, then dropped it into the water with a soft splash. I took that as the end of the lesson. I turned to the river, slipped into its current, and swam back to camp, the taste of cassava still lingering, and Rini’s intelligence still unfolding in my mind.
That evening, as the forest darkened and the calls of gibbons gave way to insect hum, I reflected on what had happened. Orangutans like Rini didn’t need language lessons to prove their minds. They were already testing, inferring, instructing. She hadn’t just mimicked me—she had guided me. She had conducted her own experiment and used me as the mechanism.
What I thought had been a training session had turned into something else entirely.
I had been the student all along.
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More stories of my early adventures with orangutans can be found in Out of the Cage.
